ContentCafe2

Encyclopedia of Production and Manufacturing Management

ISBN: 9780792386308

Table of Contents

Alphabetical list of major articles

xxxiii

List of authors, contributors and reviewers

xxxvii

Manufacturers and organizations discussed in the encyclopedia

xxxix

Foreword

xlix

Preface

3 ``R''s

(1)

8-4-8-4 scheme

(1)

ABC

(1)

ABC analysis or ABC classification

(1)

Absorption costing

(1)

Absorption costing model

(1)

Acceptable quality

(1)

Acceptance sampling

(1)

Accounting system implications of TOC

(6)

Action bucket

(1)

Action flexibility

(1)

Activity driver

(1)

Activity on arrow network (AOA)

(1)

Activity on node network (AON)

(1)

Activity-based cost management

(1)

Activity-based costing

(9)

Activity-based costing in manufacturing

(1)

Activity-based costing: An evaluation

(4)

Activity-based management

(1)

Ad-hoc teams

(1)

Adaptation flexibility

(1)

Adaptive control

(1)

Adaptive exponential smoothing

(1)

Adaptive Kanban control

(1)

Advanced cost management system (ACMS)

(1)

Advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT)

(1)

Adversarial buyer-supplier relationship

(1)

Aggregate demand

(1)

Aggregate plan and master production schedule linkage

(5)

Aggregate planning

(1)

Agile logistics (Enterprise logistics)

(5)

Agile manufacturing

(7)

Agility change domains

(1)

Agility proficiency metrics

(1)

AGV

(1)

All or none sampling

(1)

Alliance management

(1)

Allocation and availability checking

(1)

American production and inventory control society (APICS)

(1)

American society for quality

(1)

AMRF

(1)

AMRI

(1)

Andon

(1)

Anticipated build schedule

(1)

AOQ

(1)

AOQL

(1)

APICS

(1)

Appraisal costs

(1)

AQL

(1)

Artificial intelligence (AI)

(1)

ASQC

(1)

ASQC

(1)

Assemble-to-order production

(1)

Assembly line balance

(1)

Assembly line design

(4)

Assembly structure

(1)

Assignable causes of variations

(1)

Asynchronous systems

(1)

ATP

(1)

Automated manufacturing system

(1)

Automated transfer lines

(1)

Automotive industry action group (AIAG)

(1)

Autonomation

(1)

Autonomous project organization

(1)

Autonomous structure for design

(1)

Autonomous work teams

(1)

Available-to-promise (ATP)

(1)

Average inventory

(1)

Average job lateness

(1)

Average lateness

(2)

Back flushing

(1)

Back scheduling

(1)

Back-end activities

(1)

Backflow

(1)

Backward integration

(1)

Backward scheduling

(1)

Balanced scorecard

(3)

Balancing the lean manufacturing system

(1)

Baldridge award

(1)

Band width

(1)

Base Kanbans

(1)

Base value

(1)

Batch production

(1)

Batch size

(1)

Bench model

(1)

Benchmarking

(1)

Bias in forecasting

(1)

Bidding protocol

(1)

Bill of labor

(1)

Bill of materials

(1)

Bill of materials co-efficient

(1)

Bill of materials, indented

(1)

Bill of materials structure

(1)

Blocked or starved machine

(1)

Blocking

(1)

Bottleneck resource

(1)

Bottom-up replanning

(1)

Box-Jenkins methodology

(1)

Break point

(1)

Break-even analysis

(1)

Break-even point

(1)

Bucketless material requirements

(1)

Bucketless systems

(1)

Buffer stock

(1)

Built-to-order

(1)

Bulk exchange of tools

(1)

Bulk-breaking

(1)

The Bullwhip effect in supply chain management

(4)

Burden rate

(1)

Bus modularity

(1)

Business process reengineering (BPR)

(2)

CAD

(1)

Calendar file

(1)

CALS

(1)

CAM

(1)

CAM-I

(1)

Campaign cycle length

(1)

Capacitated facility location decision

(1)

Capacity

(1)

Capacity available

(1)

Capacity bills(CB) method

(1)

Capacity installed

(1)

Capacity management in make-to-order production systems

(3)

Capacity planning by overall factors

(1)

Capacity planning: Long-range

(6)

Capacity planning: Medium- and short-range

(4)

Capacity requirements planning

(1)

Capital investment in advanced manufacturing technology

(3)

Causal models

(1)

C-chart

(1)

Cell manufacturing (cellular manufacturing)

(1)

CERES

(1)

Certainty equivalent (CEV)

(1)

Chaotic systems

(1)

Chase strategy for capacity planning

(1)

CIM

(1)

CIMPLICITY

(1)

C-Kanban

(1)

Class a MRP

(1)

Clean technologies

(1)

Closed-loop material requirements planning

(1)

CNC machine tool

(1)

Coalition for environmentally responsible economies (CERES)

(1)

Coding/classification analysis(C/C)

(1)

Coefficient-based clustering

(1)

Cognitive skills of operators

(1)

Combinatorial problem

(1)

Common causes of variations

(1)

Commonality (part, component, etc.)

(1)

Competitive analysis

(1)

Competitive priorities for manufacturing

(1)

Component commonality analysis

(1)

Component sharing modularity

(1)

Component swapping modularity

(1)

Computer-aided design

(1)

Computer-aided manufacturing

(1)

Computer assisted acquisition logistics support (CALS)

(1)

Computer integrated manufacturing (CIM)

(1)

Computer numerical control (CNC)

(1)

Concurrent engineering

(12)

Concurrent systems

111

(1)

Constant time allowance

111

(1)

Constant work-in-process (WIP) method

111

(1)

Constraint management

111

(1)

Constraint resource

112

(1)

Consultative teams

112

(1)

Contingency claims analysis (CCA)

112

(1)

Continuous flow manufacturing

112

(1)

Continuous improvement teams

112

(1)

Continuous replenishment

113

(1)

Contribution margin analysis

113

(1)

Control chart

113

(1)

Core competency

113

(1)

Core manufacturing competencies

114

(6)

Core manufacturing competencies and product differentiation

120

(5)

Core-product approach

125

(1)

Corporate billboard

125

(1)

Corrective or breakdown maintenance

126

(1)

Cosmetic customizers

126

(1)

Cost accounting

126

(1)

Cost analysis for purchase negotiation

126

(6)

Cost drivers

132

(1)

Cost leadership strategy

132

(1)

Cost management

133

(1)

Cost objects

133

(1)

Cost of capital

133

(1)

Cost of external failure

133

(1)

Cost of internal failure

133

(1)

Cost of quality

134

(1)

Cost per bottleneck minute ratio(C/PB)

134

(1)

Cost planning

134

(1)

Cost-based pricing

134

(1)

Cost-of goods-sold

134

(1)

Council of logistics management

134

(1)

Critical path method (CPM)

135

(1)

Critical path of the bill of materials

136

(1)

Critical ratio

137

(1)

Cross training

137

(1)

Cross-functional integration

137

(1)

Cross-functional team

137

(1)

Cumulative average cost model

138

(1)

Current ratio

138

(1)

Customer order decoupling point

138

(1)

Customer rationalization

138

(1)

Customer satisfaction

139

(1)

Customer service, satisfaction, and success

139

(7)

Customer service level

146

(1)

Customer service through value chain integration

146

(5)

Customer success

151

(1)

Customers of choice

151

(1)

Customization

151

(1)

Cut-to-fit modularity

151

(1)

Cycle counting

152

(1)

Cycle stock

152

(1)

Cycle time

152

(1)

DARPA

153

(1)

Deadlock

153

(1)

Debt ratio

153

(1)

Decentralized production planning

153

(1)

Decision horizon

153

(1)

Decision rules in inventory control

154

(1)

Decision support system

154

(1)

Decouplers

154

(1)

Decoupling inventories

154

(1)

Dedicated systems

155

(1)

Demand chain management

155

(1)

Demand fence

155

(1)

Demand management techniques

156

(1)

Deming cycle (PDCA)

156

(1)

Deming prize (or award)

156

(1)

Deming's 14 points

156

(1)

Dependent demand

157

(1)

Design concurrency

157

(1)

Design for customization

157

(1)

Design for the environment (DFE)

157

(1)

Design for localization

158

(1)

Design-for-manufacturability (DFM)

158

(1)

Deterministic processing time

158

(1)

Deterministic production environments

158

(1)

Develop-to-order production

158

(1)

Diagnostic skills of operators

159

(1)

Differentiation strategy

159

(1)

Digital signature

159

(1)

Direct labor costs

159

(1)

Direct labor hours

159

(1)

Direct labor shrinkage

159

(1)

Direct numerical control

160

(1)

Disaggregation in an automated manufacturing environment

160

(3)

Disassembly

163

(1)

Discounted cash flow (DCF)

164

(1)

Discrete event systems

164

(1)

Discrete lot sizes

164

(1)

Dispatching decision

164

(1)

Dissipative systems

165

(1)

Distribution requirement planning (DRP)

165

(1)

Doable master production schedule

165

(1)

Downsizing

165

(1)

Downstream sensitivity

165

(1)

Downstream supply chain member

166

(1)

DRP

166

(1)

Drum-buffer-rope synchronization

166

(1)

Dry sorting

166

(1)

Dynamic capacity allocation

166

(1)

Dynamic due date

166

(1)

Dynamic Kanban control

167

(1)

Dynamic Kanban control for JIT manufacturing

167

(3)

Dynamic routing

170

(1)

Dynamic routing in flexible manufacturing systems

170

(3)

Dynamic scheduling

173

(2)

Earliest due date rule

175

(1)

Economic analysis

175

(1)

Economic dollar value order method

175

(1)

Economic globalization

175

(1)

Economic order period model

176

(1)

Economic order quantity (EOQ) model

176

(1)

Economic time between orders

176

(1)

Economies of cooperation

177

(1)

Economics of scale

177

(1)

Economies of scope

177

(1)

Effectiveness

177

(1)

Efficiency

177

(1)

E-commerce/Electronic commerce

177

(1)

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

177

(1)

Electronic data interchange in supply chain management

177

(6)

Electronic marketplace

183

(1)

Employee empowerment

183

(1)

Employee turnover

183

(1)

Empowered workforce

183

(1)

Encryption

183

(1)

End-of pipe technologies

184

(1)

Engineering change orders

184

(1)

Engineering changes

184

(1)

Engineering design

184

(1)

Engineering model

184

(1)

Engineer-Lo-order production

184

(1)

Enterprise resource planning (ERF)

184

(3)

Entrepreneurship

187

(1)

Environmental issues and operations management

187

(5)

Environmental issues: Reuse and recycling in manufacturing systems

192

(5)

Environmental scanning

197

(1)

Equal allocation rule (EAR)

197

(1)

ERP

197

(1)

Expectation theory

197

(1)

Expediting

197

(1)

Experience curve

197

(1)

Expert systems

197

(1)

Explosion (bill of materials)

198

(1)

Exponential arrivals

198

(1)

Exponential service times

198

(1)

Exponential smoothing

198

(1)

Exponential smoothing constant

198

(1)

Exponential smoothing model

198

(1)

External constraints

198

(1)

External performance measurement

198

(1)

External setup operation

199

(2)

Facilities location decisions

201

(3)

Facility layout

204

(1)

Factor driven strategies

204

(1)

Family of parts or products

205

(1)

Fill rate

205

(1)

Filtering procedures

205

(1)

Final assembly schedule (FAS)

205

(1)

Financial accounting measures

205

(1)

Financial accounting system

206

(1)

Financial justification

206

(1)

Finished-goods stock buffer

206

(1)

Finite capacity scheduling

206

(1)

Finite loading

207

(1)

Firm planned orders (FPO)

207

(1)

First come/first served rule (FCFS)

207

(1)

First-tier supplier

207

(1)

Fishbone diagram

207

(1)

Five S's

207

(1)

Fixed asset turnover

207

(1)

Fixed costs

208

(1)

Fixed order-quantity inventory model

208

(1)

Fixed time-period inventory model

209

(1)

Fixed withdrawal cycle

209

(1)

Flexibility dimensions

209

(1)

Flexibility in manufacturing

209

(4)

Flexibility in work assignments

213

(1)

Flexibility types

213

(1)

Flexible automation

213

(4)

Flexible design technologies/engineering change orders

217

(1)

Flexible Kanban control

218

(1)

Flexible Kanban system

218

(1)

Flexible machining systems

219

(1)

Flexible manufacturing system (FMS)

219

(1)

Flexible transfer lines

219

(1)

Flow lines

219

(1)

Flow manufacturing

219

(1)

Flow shop

219

(1)

Flowtime

219

(1)

FMS

219

(1)

Focused factory

219

(5)

Follow the leader capacity expansion strategy

224

(1)

Forecast accuracy

224

(1)

Forecast errors

224

(1)

Forecast evaluation

224

(1)

Forecast horizon

225

(1)

Forecasting Examples

225

(3)

Forecasting guidelines and methods

228

(7)

Forecasting in manufacturing management

235

(6)

Forecasting models: Causal

241

(1)

Forecasting models: Qualitative

241

(1)

Forecasting models: Quantitative

241

(1)

Forward integration

242

(1)

Forward scheduling

242

(1)

Freezing the master production schedule

242

(1)

Functional barriers

242

(1)

Functional layouts

243

(1)

Functional organization

243

(1)

Functionally-oriented organizations

243

(1)

Fuzzy logic part-family formation

244

(1)

GAAP-based financial reporting guidelines

245

(1)

Gantt chart

245

(1)

General-purpose language

245

(1)

Generic strategies

245

(1)

Genetic algorithms

246

(1)

Global common denominators

246

(1)

Global facility location analysis

246

(3)

Global manufacturing network

249

(1)

Global manufacturing rationalization

249

(7)

Global marketing concept

256

(1)

Global sourcing

257

(1)

Global supply chain

257

(1)

Globalization

257

(1)

Globally rationalized manufacturing

257

(1)

Gravity feed chutes

258

(1)

Green manufacturing

258

(1)

Gross profit margin

258

(1)

Gross requirements

258

(1)

Group incentive pay plans

258

(1)

Group reorder points methods

258

(1)

Group technology (GT)

259

(2)

Hard automation

261

(1)

Hard manufacturing technology

261

(1)

Heavy weight structure for design

261

(1)

Heavy weight project manager

261

(1)

Heavy weight project organization

261

(1)

Heuristic

262

(1)

Hidden factory

262

(1)

Hierarchical model of activities

262

(1)

Hierarchical planning and control

263

(1)

Hierarchical production planning (HPP)

263

(1)

History of manufacturing management

263

(11)

HMMS production planning model

274

(1)

Holding cost rate

274

(1)

Holt's forecasting model

274

(1)

Hoshin Kanri

274

(1)

HRM

274

(1)

Hub company

274

(1)

Human factor design

274

(1)

Human resource issues and advanced manufacturing technology

275

(4)

Human resource management in manufacturing

279

(7)

Hurdle rate

286

(1)

Ideal seed non-hierarchical clustering

287

(1)

Idle time

287

(1)

Implosion

287

(1)

Incremental innovation

287

(1)

Incremental inventory costs

287

(1)

Independent demand

287

(1)

Indirect labor costs

288

(1)

Industrial design

288

(1)

Infinite loading

288

(1)

Information technology

288

(1)

Initialization bias in simulation

288

(1)

Innovation

289

(100)

Input/output analysis

389

Input/out put control

289

(1)

Insourcing

290

(1)

Integrated logistics

290

(1)

Integrated manufacturer

290

(1)

Integrated plants

291

(1)

Integrated preventive maintenance

291

(1)

Integrated product development

291

(1)

Integrated quality control

291

(1)

Integrated resource requirement planning (IRRP)

292

(1)

Integrated supply chain

293

(1)

Interchangeability

293

(1)

Interference between operators

294

(1)

Intermediate JIG

294

(1)

Intermodal EDI

294

(1)

Internal constraints

294

(1)

Internal customer

294

(1)

Internal performance measurement

295

(1)

Internal rate of return (IRR)

295

(1)

Internal setup operation

295

(1)

Internal supplier

295

(1)

International manufacturing

295

(5)

International organization for standardization (ISO)

300

(1)

Intranet

300

(1)

Intrapreneurship

301

(1)

Invention

301

(1)

Inventory build and depletion cycles

301

(1)

Inventory carrying costs

301

(1)

Inventory control

301

(1)

Inventory flow analysis

301

(5)

Inventory holding costs

306

(1)

Inventory management

307

(1)

Inventory turnover ratio

308

(1)

Inventory turns

308

(1)

Involuntary product adaptation

308

(1)

ISO 14000

308

(1)

ISO 9000

308

(1)

ISO 9000/QS 9000 quality standards

309

(3)

Item master file

312

(3)

Japanese buyer/supplier relationship

315

(1)

Jiga and fixtures

315

(1)

JIT

315

(1)

JIT and MRP

315

(1)

JIT delivery

315

(1)

JIT evolution and use in the United States

315

(7)

JIT II

322

(1)

JIT philosophy

322

(1)

JIT purchasing strategy

322

(1)

JIT versus MRP

323

(1)

Job enrichment

323

(1)

Job involvement

323

(1)

Job release

323

(1)

Job rotation

323

(1)

Job sequencing rules

324

(1)

Job shop

324

(1)

Job stress

324

(1)

Just-in-time (JIT)

325

(1)

Just-in-time manufacturing

325

(6)

Just-in-time manufacturing: Implications

331

(3)

Just-in-time purchasing

334

(1)

Just-in-time shop floor system

335

(2)

Kaizen

337

(1)

Kanban

337

(1)

Kanban-based manufacturing systems

337

(8)

Labor assignment/reassignment

345

(1)

Lateness (tardiness)

345

(1)

Layout

345

(1)

Lead time

345

(1)

Lead-time offsetting

346

(1)

Lean logistics

346

(1)

Lean manufacturing

346

(1)

Lean manufacturing cell

346

(1)

Lean manufacturing implementation

346

(6)

Lean production

352

(1)

Lean supply chain

352

(1)

Learning curve analysis

353

(7)

Learning rate

360

(1)

Level strategy

360

(1)

Level strategy for capacity planning

360

(1)

Leveling, balancing and synchronizing the lean manufacturing system

360

(1)

Leveling production

361

(1)

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

361

(1)

Light weight structure for design

362

(1)

Lightweight project organization. (Lightweight project manager)

362

(1)

Line balancing

363

(1)

Line stop authority

363

(1)

Linear decision rule (LDR)

363

(1)

Linear programming

363

(1)

Linked-cell manufacturing system (L-CMS)

363

(6)

Load leveling

369

(1)

369

(1)

Location file

369

(1)

Logistics

369

(1)

Logistics infrastructure

369

(1)

Logistics support

370

(1)

Logistics: Meeting customers' real needs

370

(11)

Lot-for-lot procedure

381

(1)

Lot size

381

(1)

Lot-sizing models

382

(1)

Low cost producer

382

(1)

Low-level code numbers

382

(1)

Machine hours

383

(1)

Machine reliability

383

(1)

Machining center

383

(1)

MAD

383

(1)

Maintenance and control system

383

(1)

Maintenance management decision models

384

(5)

Make or buy decision

389

(1)

Makespan

389

(1)

Make-to-order (MTO) Production

389

(1)

Make-to-stock (MS) Production

390

(1)

Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award

390

(1)

Management coefficients model

390

(1)

Manned cellular manufacturing

390

(1)

MANTECH

390

(1)

Manufacturability

391

(1)

Manufacturing analysis using chaos, fractals and self organization

391

(4)

Manufacturing cell

395

(1)

Manufacturing cell design

396

(2)

Manufacturing cells, linked

398

(1)

Manufacturing engineering

398

(1)

Manufacturing flexibility

398

(14)

Manufacturing flexibility dimensions

412

(4)

Manufacturing lead time

416

(1)

Manufacturing order quantities

416

(1)

Manufacturing performance measures

416

(1)

Manufacturing planning and control (MPC)

416

(1)

Manufacturing planning system

417

(1)

Manufacturing strategy

417

(5)

Manufacturing system, flexible

422

(1)

Manufacturing systems

423

(8)

Manufacturing systems modeling using petri nets

431

(4)

Manufacturing task

435

(1)

Manufacturing technology use in the U.S. and benefits

436

(5)

Manufacturing with flexible systems

441

(4)

MAPE

445

(1)

Market pull model of innovation

445

(1)

Market segment or focus strategy

445

(1)

Mass customization

445

(5)

Mass customization and manufacturing

450

(9)

Mass production

459

(1)

Mass standard customizers

459

(1)

Mass tailored customizers

459

(1)

Master production schedule (MPS)

460

(1)

Material dominated scheduling

460

(1)

Material planning

460

(1)

Material requirements planning (MRP)

461

(1)

Materials management

461

(1)

Mathematical lotsizing models

461

(1)

Mathematical programming methods

461

(1)

Mean absolute deviation (MAD)

462

(1)

Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE)

462

(1)

Mean error

462

(1)

Mean late time

462

(1)

Mean percentage error (MPE)

462

(1)

Mean queue time

463

(1)

Mean squared deviation (MSD) error

463

(1)

Methods design (or engineering)

463

(1)

Minimum inventory production system (MIPS)

463

(1)

Mistake-proofing

463

(1)

Mix modularity

463

(1)

Mixed-model sequencing

463

(1)

Model validation and verification

464

(1)

Modular architecture

464

(1)

Monte Carlo simulation

464

(1)

Montreal protocol

465

(1)

Mother plant

465

(1)

Moving assembly line

465

(1)

Moving average forecasts

466

(1)

MPC

466

(1)

MPS (master production schedule)

466

(1)

MRP (material requirements planning)

466

(4)

MRP Implementation

470

(4)

MRP II

474

(1)

MRP lot-sizing

474

(1)

MRP regeneration

474

(1)

MRP replanning

474

(1)

MRP without time buckets

475

(1)

Multi-attribute decision models

475

(1)

Multicell flexible manufacturing system

475

(1)

Multi-criteria decision models

475

(1)

Multi-functional employees

475

(1)

Multi-functional team

475

(1)

Multi-item inventory management

475

(1)

Multi-objective decision models

476

(1)

Multiple criteria ABC analysis

476

(1)

Multiprocess worker

476

(1)

NAFTA and manufacturing in the U.S.

477

(1)

NAM

477

(1)

NAM

477

(1)

National association of manufacturers (NAM)

477

(1)

Natural variability

477

(1)

NC machine tool

478

(1)

Net change processing

478

(1)

Net present value (NPV)

478

(1)

Neural networks

478

(1)

New product development through supplier integration

479

(7)

NIST

486

(1)

Next queue rule

487

(1)

No touch exchange of dies (NOTED)

487

(1)

Non-cost criteria in inventory management

487

(1)

Non-financial performance measures

488

(1)

Nonrepetitive just-in-time system

488

(1)

Non-value added activities

488

(1)

Normal distribution

488

(1)

NPD

488

(1)

Numerical control

489

(2)

Obsolescence costs

491

(1)

OC curve in acceptance sampling

491

(1)

OEM - original equipment manufacturer

491

(1)

Offloading

492

(1)

Offshore plants

492

(1)

Off-the-shelf demand

492

(1)

Ohno system

492

(1)

One piece flow

492

(1)

One touch exchange of dies (OTED)

492

(1)

Open order file

493

(1)

Operating characteristics curve

493

(1)

Operations cost

493

(1)

Operations forecasting

493

(1)

Optimal lot sizes

493

(1)

Optimized production technology (OPT)

493

(1)

Order backlog

493

(1)

Order launching

493

(1)

Order point

494

(1)

Order preparation

494

(1)

Order preparation costs

494

(1)

Order promising

494

(1)

Order quantity

495

(1)

Order release

495

(5)

Order release mechanism

500

(1)

Order release rule

500

(1)

Order review and evaluation

500

(1)

Order-based freezing

500

(1)

Outsourcing

500

(1)

Outsourcing of product design and development

501

(4)

Overhead

505

(1)

Overstated master production schedule

505

(2)

Paperless transactions

507

(1)

Pareto chart

507

(1)

Part-programming (of an FMS)

507

(1)

Part-family formation methods

507

(1)

Part-family grouping

507

(1)

Part-period balancing (PPB)

508

(1)

P-chart

508

(1)

PDCA

508

(1)

Percent of late jobs

508

(1)

Performance drivers

509

(1)

Performance excellence: The Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award Criteria

509

(7)

Performance measurement in manufacturing

516

(4)

Period costs

520

(1)

Period-based freezing

520

(1)

Periodic order quantity (POQ)

520

(1)

PERT (program evaluation and review technique)

520

(2)

Phantom bills

522

(1)

Phantom demand

522

(1)

Physical distribution management

522

(1)

Physiological strains of operators

522

(1)

Pipeline inventories

523

(1)

P-Kanban (POK)

523

(1)

Plan-do-check act (PDCA)

523

(1)

Planned order release

523

(1)

Planning horizon

523

(1)

Platform teams

524

(1)

PLC (Product life cycle)

524

(1)

Point-of-sale system (POS)

524

(1)

Poka-Yoke (Pokayoke)

524

(1)

Pollution abatement

524

(1)

Pollution prevention

524

(1)

Preapproval of suppliers

525

(1)

Precedence relationships

525

(1)

Preferred supplier

525

(1)

Premium prototype

525

(1)

Prevention costs

525

(1)

Preventive maintenance

526

(1)

Price analysis

526

(1)

Price-based costing

527

(1)

Primary ratio (T/TFC)

527

(1)

Principle of comparative advantage

527

(1)

Priority scheduling rules

527

(1)

Priority sequencing rules

528

(1)

PRISM software

528

(1)

Process approach to manufacturing strategy development

528

(11)

Process capability

539

(1)

Process control

540

(1)

Process flow chart

540

(1)

Process flow scheduling(PFS)

541

(1)

Process focused plants

541

(1)

Process industries

541

(1)

Process industry scheduling

541

(8)

Process innovation

549

(3)

Process mapping

552

(1)

Process planning

552

(1)

Process rationalization

553

(1)

Process train schedules

553

(1)

Processor dominated scheduling

553

(1)

Process-oriented factory

553

(1)

Product architecture

554

(1)

Product champion

554

(1)

Product concept

555

(1)

Product concurrency

555

(1)

Product cumulative lead time

555

(1)

Product design

555

(4)

Product design for fit

559

(1)

Product design for form

559

(1)

Product design for function

559

(1)

Product design for global markets

559

(8)

Product development and concurrent engineering

567

(8)

Product differentiation

575

(1)

Product extension

575

(1)

Product innovation

575

(3)

Product life cycle

578

(1)

Product margin

578

(1)

Product producibility

579

(1)

Product proliferation

579

(1)

Product realization teams

579

(1)

Product throughput time

579

(1)

Production activity control

580

(1)

Production flow analysis (PFA)

580

(1)

Production input factors

580

(1)

Production ordering Kanban (POK)

580

(1)

Production planner

580

(1)

Production planning and control

580

(1)

Production reporting

581

(1)

Production resource

581

(1)

Production rule base

581

(1)

Production run

581

(1)

Production scheduling

582

(1)

Production sharing facilities

582

(1)

Product-process dynamics

582

(4)

Professional associations for manufacturing professionals and managers

586

(2)

Programmable automation

588

(1)

Programmable logic controllers (PLCs)

588

(1)

Project control

589

(1)

Project evaluation and review technique

589

(1)

Project management

589

(5)

Project organization

594

(1)

Project phase concurrency

594

(1)

Project planning

594

(1)

Projected available balance

595

(1)

Prototype model

595

(1)

Psychological strains of operators

595

(1)

Pull production system

595

(1)

Purchasing rating

595

(1)

Purchasing: Acquiring the best inputs

596

(13)

Purchasing: The future

609

(6)

Pure customization

615

(1)

Push system

615

(2)

QS-9000

617

(1)

Quality assurance

617

(1)

Quality circle

617

(1)

Quality control

617

(1)

Quality function deployment (QFD)

617

(1)

Quality management

617

(1)

Quality management systems: Baldrige, ISO 9000, and QS 9000

617

(4)

Quality of work life initiatives

621

(1)

Quality: The implications of Deming's approach

621

(6)

Quantitative overload

627

(1)

Quantity discount model

627

(1)

Queue limiter

627

(1)

Queue time

627

(1)

Queuing theory

628

(1)

Quick ratio

628

(1)

Quick response (QR) or modular manufacturing

628

(1)

Radical innovation

629

(1)

Randomly generated problems

629

(1)

Range flexibility

629

(1)

Rapid prototyping

629

(1)

Rate-based decoupling Inventories

629

(1)

Rate-based master production

630

(1)

Rate-based material planning

630

(1)

Rate-based production schedule

630

(1)

Rated capacity

630

(1)

R-chart

631

(1)

Reactive Kanban control

631

(1)

Real-time systems

631

(1)

Reconciling errors in inventory

632

(1)

Reduction of set-up times

632

(1)

Reengineering and the process view of manufacturing

632

(7)

Regeneration

639

(1)

Release threshold

639

(1)

Reliability

639

(1)

Reliability centered maintenance

640

(1)

Remanufacturing

640

(1)

Reorder point

640

(1)

Reorder point system

640

(1)

Repetitive manufacturing

640

(1)

Repetitive production

640

(1)

Replenishment time

641

(1)

Resource planning: MRP to MRPII and ERP

641

(4)

Resource profile

645

(1)

Resource requirements planning (RRP)

645

(1)

Risk/reward sharing agreements

646

(1)

Robot repeatability

646

(1)

Robot selection

646

(7)

Robotic cells

653

(1)

Role ambiguity

653

(1)

Role shifting

653

(1)

Rolling horizon

653

(1)

Rolling planning horizon

654

(1)

Roll-up forecasts

654

(1)

Rough-cut capacity planning

654

(1)

Route sheet, routing, routing sheet

654

(1)

Run chart

654

(1)

Run time

654

(1)

Safety lead time

655

(1)

Safety stock

655

(1)

Safety stock: luxury or necessity

655

(8)

Safety time

663

(1)

Sales and operations plan

663

(1)

Sampling frequency

663

(1)

Sampling in quality control

664

(1)

Sashimi approach to product design

664

(1)

Scale economics

665

(1)

Scatter diagram

665

(1)

Schedule nervousness

665

(1)

Schedule receipts

665

(1)

Schedule stability

665

(3)

Scheduler for FMS (dynamic)

668

(1)

Scheduling

669

(1)

Scheduling board

669

(1)

Scheduling cycle

670

(1)

Scheduling framework

670

(1)

Scientific management

670

(5)

Scrap allowances

675

(1)

Seasonal index

675

(1)

Seasonality

675

(1)

Seasonally enhanced forecasts

675

(1)

Sectional modularity

676

(1)

Self directed work teams

676

(1)

Self organizing systems

676

(1)

Semi-variable costs

676

(1)

Sensitivity analysis

676

(1)

Sequencing rules

677

(1)

Sequential approach to product design

677

(1)

Sequential processing

678

(1)

Server plants

678

(1)

Service level

678

Service orientation

(600)

Service parts

678

(1)

Setup reduction

679

(5)

Setup time reduction

684

(1)

Seven ``rights'' of logistics

684

(1)

Seven tools of quality control

685

(1)

Shared costs

685

(1)

Shewhart control charts

685

(1)

Shingo, Shigeo

686

(1)

Shop-floor system

686

(1)

Shortage costs

686

(1)

Shortest processing time rule

686

(1)

Signaling device

687

(1)

Simulation

687

(1)

Simulation analysis of manufacturing and logistics systems

687

(10)

Simulation experiments

697

(1)

Simulation languages

697

(2)

Simulation models

699

(1)

Simulation of production problems using spreadsheet programs

700

(9)

Simulation software selection

709

(3)

Simultaneous engineering

712

(1)

Single card system

712

(1)

Single-server problem

712

(1)

Six-sigma

712

(1)

Skill obsolescence

712

(1)

Slack time rule

712

(1)

SLAM software

713

(1)

Small group improvement activities (SGIA)

713

(1)

SMART

713

(1)

SME

713

(1)

SMED

713

(3)

Society of manufacturing engineers

716

(1)

Soft manufacturing technology

716

(1)

Sole sourcing

716

(1)

Source plants

716

(1)

Sourcing

716

(1)

Span of process

717

(1)

SPC

717

(1)

Special causes of variations

717

(1)

Specialization

717

(1)

SQC

718

(1)

Stakeholder groups

718

(1)

Standard cost system

718

(1)

Standard costing

718

(1)

Standard time

718

(1)

Standardization

719

(1)

Standardized customization

719

(1)

Starvation avoidance

719

(1)

Starved machine

720

(1)

State flexibility

720

(1)

Statistical forecasting procedures

720

(1)

Statistical process control (SPC)

720

(1)

Statistical process control using control charts

720

(16)

Steady-state behavior

736

(1)

Stock buffer

736

(1)

Stock rationing

736

(1)

Stockless production

736

(1)

Stockout probability

736

(1)

Stockouts

736

(1)

Strategic business units

737

(1)

Strategic management of suppliers

737

(1)

Strategic manufacturing flexibility

737

(1)

Strategic quality planning

737

(1)

Strategic supplier partnerships

737

(1)

Structure of the supply chain

738

(1)

Super bill of materials

738

(1)

Supplier association

738

(1)

Supplier certification programs

738

(1)

Supplier development

738

(1)

Supplier partnerships as strategy

739

(4)

Supplier performance measurement

743

(8)

Supplier rating

751

(1)

Supplier relationships

751

(4)

Supply chain management: Competing through integration

755

(5)

Supply uncertainty

760

(1)

Sustainable competitive advantage

760

(1)

Synchronous manufacturing using buffers

761

(5)

System correctness

766

(1)

System dynamics

766

(1)

System of profound knowledge

767

(1)

System's constraint

767

(1)

System-imposed pacing

767

(1)

Systems, models, and simulation

767

(2)

Tacit skills of operators

769

(1)

Taguchi method

769

(1)

Tailored customization

769

(1)

Takt time

769

(1)

Target costing

769

(4)

Target price

773

(1)

Taylor, Frederick W.

774

(1)

TEAM

774

(1)

Teams: Design and implementation

774

(7)

Teamwork reward system

781

(1)

Technology push model of innovation

781

(1)

Technology roadmap

781

(1)

Theory of constraints (TOC)

782

(1)

Theory of constraints in manufacturing management

782

(6)

Third party logistics relationship

788

(1)

Thomas register of American manufacturers

789

(1)

Throughput

789

(1)

Throughput accounting ratio (TA)

789

(1)

Throughput time (TPT)

790

(1)

Tier 1 supplier

790

(1)

Tiering of the supply chain

790

(1)

Time buckets

790

(1)

Time buffer

790

(1)

Time fence

791

(1)

Time series

791

(1)

Time study and motions

791

(1)

Time-based competition

791

(1)

Timeliness

792

(1)

Time-phased gross requirements

792

(1)

Time-phased material planning

792

(1)

Time-to-failure

792

(1)

Time-to-market

792

(1)

Title VII, Civil Rights Act of 1964

793

(1)

TOC

793

(1)

Tool magazine

793

(1)

Tool management for FMS systems

793

(1)

Tool planning and management

793

(1)

Total cost analysis

794

(1)

Total coat management

794

(1)

Total coat of ownership (TCO)

795

(1)

Total costing

795

(1)

Total enterprise manufacturing (TEM)

795

(1)

Total predictive maintenance

796

(1)

Total preventive maintenance

796

(1)

Total productive maintenance (TPM)

796

(7)

Total quality

803

(1)

Total quality control

804

(1)

Total quality management (TQM)

804

(8)

Toyota production system

812

(1)

TQM

812

(1)

Trace driven simulations

812

(1)

Tracking signal

813

(1)

Train-do cycle

813

(1)

Transborder channels

813

(1)

Transfer lines

813

(1)

Transit stock

813

(1)

Transparent customizers

814

(1)

Trend

814

(1)

Truncation point in simulation

814

(1)

Two-card system

814

(1)

Two-stage allocation process

814

(1)

Type I error (alpha error)

815

(1)

Type II error (beta error)

816

(1)

Uncapacitated facility location decision

817

(1)

Uniform load scheduling

817

(1)

Uniform workload

817

(1)

Unit cost

817

(1)

Unit-based costing

818

(1)

United nations environment programme (UNEP)

818

(1)

Universal product policy

818

(1)

U-shaped assembly lines

818

(4)

U-shaped cell

822

(1)

Utilization

822

(1)

Value analysis

823

(1)

Value chain

823

(1)

Value engineering

823

(1)

Value index

823

(1)

Value pricing

823

(5)

Value-added analysis

828

Value-added tasks

823

(1)

Variability due to common causes

824

(1)

Variability due to special causes

824

(1)

Variability in manufacturing

825

(1)

Variable costs

825

(1)

Vendor relationships

825

(1)

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

826

(1)

Vertical integration

826

(1)

Virtual cellular manufacturing

827

(1)

Virtual enterprise

827

(1)

Virtual manufacturing

827

(7)

Virtual manufacturing network

834

(1)

Virtual organization

834

(1)

Virtual reality

834

(1)

Voluntary product adaptation

834

(3)

Wagner-Whitin algorithm

837

(1)

Waiting line model

837

(1)

Waste elimination in JIT

837

(1)

Weekly planned production

837

(1)

Where-used data

837

(1)

Wide area networks

837

(1)

Winter's forecasting model

838

(1)

Winter's method

838

(1)

WIP

838

(1)

Withdrawal (or conveyance) Kanban (WLK)

838

(1)

W-Kanban (WLK)

838

(1)

Work measurement

838

(1)

Work study

838

(1)

Workforce turnover

838

(1)

Working capital costs

838

(1)

Work-in-process (WIP) inventory

839

(1)

World-class logistics

839

(1)

World-class manufacturing (WCM)

839

(1)

WTO (World Trade Organization)

839

(2)

X-bar chart

841

(2)

Yo-I-don

843

(2)

Zero inventory production system (ZIPS)

845

(1)

Appendix I: Alphabetical Bibliography

845

(2)

Appendix II: Topical Bibliography

847

(106)

Appendix III: Production Management Journals and Magazines

953