Career Guidance and Counseling Through the Lifespan : Systematic Approaches
ISBN: 9780321081391


Table of Contents
PREFACE xv
CHAPTER 1 PERSPECTIVES ON THE PRACTICE OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT: NEEDS, TRANSITIONS, AND EMERGING CHALLENGES 1(69)
Challenges to the Practice of Career Development
2(2)
Changes in the Organization of Work and Career Paths
4(1)
New Concepts of Career
5(1)
Trends Related to the Global Economy
6(2)
Factors Affecting the Choice and Content of Work
8(4)
The Practice of Career Development: Terms in Transition
12(2)
Vocational Guidance: A Historical Evolution to the Language of Career
14(16)
Enter Frank Parsons
19(1)
The First Fifty Years of Vocational Guidance
20(2)
The Precursors of Career Guidance and Counseling
22(1)
Treatment or Stimulus?
23(5)
Career Models Emerge
28(2)
Comprehensive Career Guidance
30(7)
Needs for Career Guidance and Counseling: A Lifespan Perspective
31(6)
Career Counseling
37(7)
A Vocabulary for Career Counseling and Guidance
42(2)
Perspectives on Counselor Role in Career Guidance and Career Counseling
44(13)
Trends in Counselor Role
47(6)
Career Counseling and Mental and Behavioral Health
53(1)
Basic Academic Skills and Career Development
53(1)
The Counselor as Technologist
54(1)
Special Needs Populations
55(1)
Cost-Benefit Analysis
56(1)
International Approaches to Career Guidance and Career Counseling
57(9)
The Legacy of the Twentieth Century-The Conceptual Base for the Twenty-First
66(3)
Summary
69(1)
CHAPTER 2 WORK: MEANING, ACCESS, ADJUSTMENT 70(61)
The Language of and Preparation for Work
72(4)
Human Capital and Returns on Investment
76(2)
The Concept of Work
78(9)
Cultural and Organizational Perceptions of Work
79(7)
Meanings of Work Vary across Time
86(1)
Job Satisfaction
87(5)
Perspectives on Job Satisfaction
87(2)
Findings about Job Satisfaction
89(1)
Person-Job Fit: Work and Personality
90(1)
Counseling, Job Satisfaction, and Person-Organization Fit
91(1)
Work and Mental Health
92(5)
Career Development and Mental Health
96(1)
Unemployment and Mental and Emotional Distress
97(9)
Job Insecurity and Underemployment
97(1)
Unemployment: A Worldwide Phenomenon
98(2)
The Social and Fiscal Costs of Unemployment
100(1)
Individual Reactions to Unemployment
100(1)
Indicators of Links between Career Development and Mental Health
101(3)
Interventions in Unemployment
104(2)
Psychological and Work Pathology Disorders
106(7)
Work and Leisure
113(2)
Concepts of Leisure
113(2)
Leisure Counseling
115(1)
The Transition and Adjustment to Work
115(12)
Human Resource Development for the Twenty-First Century
116(1)
Transition Services
117(3)
The Role of the Workplace in Human Resource Development
120(2)
The Initial Transition to Work
122(1)
Employment Transition Problems
123(2)
Affective Work Competencies
125(1)
Multidimensional Barriers to Work
126(1)
Counseling for Personal Flexibility
127(8)
The Elements of Personal Flexibility in a Global Economy
131(3)
Career Motivation
134(1)
Conclusions
135(1)
Summary
135
CHAPTER 3 THE AMERICAN OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE 131(33)
The Changing Scene
137(4)
Occupational Projections
138(1)
Future Scenarios
138(3)
The Past, Present, and Future of the Labor Force
141(5)
The Past
141(1)
The Present
141(3)
The Future
144(2)
Relation of the Occupational Structure to Career Guidance and Counseling
146(1)
Occupational Classification Systems
147(16)
The USOE Clusters
148(1)
Census Classifications
149(1)
Status Classifications
150(1)
Holland's Classification System
151(1)
Field and Level
152(1)
Standard Occupational Classification Manual
153(3)
The Dictionary of Occupational Titles
156(3)
O *NET
159(4)
Maps
163(1)
Summary
163(1)
CHAPTER 4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF CAREER BEHAVIOR AND CHOICE 164(80)
Career Development in Perspective
167(1)
Approaches to Career Development and Choice
168(66)
Trait-and-Factor, Actuarial, or Matching Approaches
170(8)
Decision Theory
178(16)
Situational, Sociological, and Contextual Approaches
194(11)
Psychological Approaches
205(13)
Developmental Approaches
218(16)
Adult Development
234(6)
Schlossberg's Work
234(3)
The Importance of Adult Transitions
237(2)
Career Stages in Organizations
239(1)
Implications for Career Guidance, Counseling, and Career Education
240(2)
Summary
242(2)
CHAPTER 5 CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND COUNSELING OF DIVERSE POPULATIONS 244(45)
Women
244(14)
Stereotypes
246(3)
Time Parameters
249(1)
Traditional versus Pioneer versus Homemaker
250(1)
Role Models
251(1)
Aspects of Sex Differences
251(3)
Self Efficacy
254(2)
Discontinuities in Female Career Development
256(1)
Career Counseling of Women
256(2)
People of Color
258(15)
African Americans
259(4)
Hispanics
263(2)
Asian Americans
265(2)
Native Americans
267(2)
Counseling Culturally Diverse Clients
269(4)
Immigrants
273(4)
Legal and Illegal Immigrants
273(2)
Counseling Immigrants
275(2)
Persons Who Are Gay, Lesbian, or Bisexual
277(3)
Persons with Disabilities
280(7)
Career Development of Persons with Disabilities
280(2)
Career Counseling of Persons with Disabilities
282(5)
Summary
287(2)
CHAPTER 6 SYSTEMATIC PLANNING FOR CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 289(43)
Planning: Some Perspectives
291(4)
Program Planning
293(1)
Planning Skills
293(2)
Process of Systematic Program Planning
295(2)
Systems Approach to Career Education
297(1)
Five-Stage Planning Model
297(34)
Stage 1: Developing a Program Rationale and Philosophy; Specifying the Mission
299(17)
Stage 2: Stating Program Goals and Behavioral Objectives
316(5)
Stage 3: Selecting Alternative Program Processes
321(1)
Stage 4: Developing an Evaluation Design
322(8)
Stage 5: Milestones
330(1)
Summary
331(1)
CHAPTER 7 CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 332(30)
The Elementary School Child
338(6)
Environmental Influences
338(4)
Children's Values toward Work
342(1)
Importance of the Early School Years
343(1)
Counselors and Career Guidance
344(1)
Goals for Career Guidance in the Elementary School
345(5)
Parental Influences
348(2)
Relationship of Goals to Program Functions
350(4)
Concrete Strategies for Implementing Goals
351(1)
Sequencing Career Guidance Experiences
352(1)
The Concepts of Awareness and Accommodation
353(1)
Examples of Program Content
354(3)
Career Guidance Techniques in the Elementary School
357(4)
Summary
361(1)
CHAPTER 8 CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE JUNIOR HIGH/MIDDLE SCHOOL 362(31)
Characteristics of Junior High School Youth
365(10)
Gender Differences
369(4)
Approaches to Gender Differences in the Junior High School
373(1)
Differences in Maturity
374(1)
A Time for Early School-Leaving
374(1)
Planning Considerations
375(1)
Goals for Career Guidance in the Junior High School
376(1)
Examples of Program Content
377(14)
Career Clusters
379(1)
Using Self Directed Career Interest Inventories
380(1)
Other Sequential or Comprehensive Approaches
381(3)
Using Community Resources in Career Guidance
384(2)
Career Guidance Strategies for Decision Making and Problem Solving
386(1)
Simulation as a Career Guidance Strategy
387(1)
Information Retrieval
387(1)
Career Guidance Strategies and Work
388(1)
Other Career Guidance Activities and Techniques in Junior High School
389(2)
Summary
391(2)
CHAPTER 9 CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 393(61)
Career Development among Senior High School Students
395(17)
Need for Increased Availability of Career Guidance Services
396(1)
Differences in Career Aspirations
397(4)
Career Maturity in Special Populations
401(2)
Gender Differences
403(2)
Work Values
405(2)
Relationships among Curricula, Work Values, Work Salience and Career Maturity
407(1)
Transition to Work
408(4)
Implications for the Practice of Career Development in Senior High School
412(18)
Planning Considerations in Senior High School
413(13)
Career Guidance Strategies to Foster Decision Making
426(3)
Approaches Involving Parents and Group Counseling
429(1)
Career Guidance and Career and Technical Education, Work-Based Learning, and Career-Relevant Schools
430(15)
Integrating Work Experience with Schooling
438(7)
Career Guidance in Career and Technical Education and Work-Based Learning
445(4)
Perspectives on Placement
447(2)
Career Guidance Techniques for Senior High School
449(4)
Curriculum Infusion
449(2)
Group Guidance Processes
451(1)
Community Involvement
452(1)
Summary
453(1)
CHAPTER 10 THE PRACTICE OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION 454(30)
The Evolution of Career Services in Higher Education
455(3)
Characteristics of the Student Population
458(2)
Planning Considerations
460(4)
Career Counseling
462(1)
Information and Resources on Careers
462(2)
Goals for Career Development in Higher Education
464(5)
Assistance in the Selection of a Major Field of Study
464(1)
Assistance in Self Assessment and Self Analysis
464(1)
Assistance in Understanding the World of Work
465(1)
Assistance in Decision Making
465(1)
Assistance with Access to the World of Work
466(1)
Assistance in Meeting the Unique Needs of Various Subpopulations
466(3)
Sequencing Career Guidance Experiences
469(2)
Examples of Program Content
471(10)
Courses, Workshops, and Seminars
472(3)
Group Counseling
475(2)
Individual Counseling
477(1)
Peer Counseling
478(1)
Placement
479(2)
Career Guidance Techniques
481(2)
Summary
483(1)
CHAPTER 11 CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE WORKPLACE 484(31)
Work Adjustment and Personal Adjustment
484(10)
Occupational Stress
484(3)
The Interaction of Work and Individual Adjustment
487(1)
The Rise in Interest in Career Services
488(5)
A Lexicon of Workplace Terminology
493(1)
Overview of Career Development Functions
494(8)
Organizational Career Patterns
499(3)
Selected Functions of Career Development Specialists
502(8)
Working with Plateaued Workers
502(1)
Training and Education Programs
503(1)
Mentoring
503(3)
Career Ladders
506(1)
Wellness Programs
507(1)
Outplacement Counseling
508(1)
Retirement Planning
508(1)
Employee Assistance Programs
509(1)
The Career Counselor in the Organization
510(4)
Examples of Career Programs
512(1)
Issues and Needed Research
513(1)
Summary
514(1)
CHAPTER 12 SPECIAL ADULT CAREER CONCERNS 515(24)
Factors Underlying Counseling Adults
517(3)
Characteristics of the Population
517(1)
Planning Considerations
518(2)
Career Counseling Techniques
520(1)
Midcareer Changers
520(5)
Reasons for Change
521(2)
Those Who Change
523(1)
Counseling Midcareer Shifters
524(1)
Women Entering or Reentering the Labor Force
525(4)
Career Patterns
525(1)
Reasons for Returning to a Career
526(2)
Counseling Reentry Women
528(1)
The Older Worker
529(4)
Attitudinal and Development Factors
531(1)
Reducing the Negative Effect of Ageism
532(1)
Counseling the Older Worker
532(1)
Preretirement and Retirement
533(5)
Attitudes toward the Aged
534(1)
Adjustment to Retirement
534(1)
Counseling for Preretirement and Retirement
535(3)
Summary
538(1)
CHAPTER 13 HELPING STRATEGIES IN CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 539(28)
Individual Counseling
540(23)
Definition
540(5)
A Broad View of Career Counseling
545(1)
The Counselor and the Counselee's Internal Frame of Reference
546(5)
Outcomes of Career Counseling
551(3)
Decision Making
554(9)
Group Processes
563(3)
Rationale
563(1)
Characteristics of the Group
563(1)
Uses of Groups
564(2)
Summary
566(1)
CHAPTER 14 INFORMATION IN CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 567(24)
Principles for Using Information Effectively
568(5)
Motivation
568(2)
Evaluation of Information
570(1)
Use of Information
571(2)
Types of Delivery Systems
573(17)
Printed Matter
574(1)
Acquisition of Information
574(3)
Media Approaches
577(1)
Interview Approaches
577(1)
Simulation Approaches
578(1)
Field Trips
579(1)
Formal Curriculum Approach
580(1)
Direct Experience
580(1)
Computers
580(5)
The Internet
585(4)
Career Centers
589(1)
Summary
590(1)
CHAPTER 15 ASSESSMENT IN CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 591(28)
Prediction
592(11)
Clinical versus Statistical Prediction
592(1)
Validity of Aptitude Tests for Career Guidance
592(3)
Appraisal and Career Guidance: Disillusionment
595(1)
Computer-Assisted Testing
596(1)
Test Interpretation
597(3)
Types of Aptitude Tests
600(3)
Discriminant Analysis
603(7)
Interests
603(3)
Interest Inventories
606(4)
Monitoring
610(7)
Career Maturity and Adaptability
610(1)
Career Maturity Measures
611(1)
Work Values and Personality Instruments
612(2)
Personality and Other Career Assessment Devices
614(1)
Other Career-Related Instruments
614(2)
Job Satisfaction Measures
616(1)
Evaluation
617(1)
Summary
618(1)
CHAPTER 16 RESEARCH AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN CAREER GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING 619(26)
Perspectives on Career Development Research
621(19)
Search for Acceptable Methodology
621(4)
Qualitative Approaches to the Treatment of Career Data
625(2)
Character of Career Development Theory
627(5)
Effects of Cultural Factors
632(1)
Cross-Cultural Information
632(4)
Awareness of Cost-Benefit Effects
636(1)
Developing Measures of Career Development
636(2)
Advances in Occupational Information in Relation to Career Decision Making
638(1)
The Question of Work Values
639(1)
The Question of Counselor Characteristics
640(1)
Research for the Future: Summary Reviews of Research Needs
640(4)
Summary
644(1)
REFERENCES 645(90)
AUTHOR INDEX 735(21)
SUBJECT INDEX 756




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